Which Nodes Swell With Hiv

The discoverer of the north-east passage, and not just trying


"If the navigation was possible, not only a great shopping street were opened, the business of men, allowing a passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific, relatively short, which would replace half of the circumnavigation globe, but they put in the mouths of large rivers joining Siberia to Europe and America, giving value to plant products and minerals of a vast territory, held, weather conditions, almost entirely out of the inhabited world "

Giacomo Bove was born in Maranzana (AT) April 23, 1852. He lived his childhood among vineyards, forests and fields in the area between T and Acqui Maranzana Herms, where he studied below. Bove dreamed of the sea and his greatest aspiration was to be able to attend the Naval Academy. to it, however, were then allowed only the nobles and / or rich. Bove's father was not rich, but came to an agreement with management: his family would pay for providing the right wine to the tables until the end of the studies. Out brilliantly from the academy in 1872 he joined the Navy as an officer.
Promoted midshipman, James, was sent in the corvette "Governolo" through a travel-expedition, between 1873 and 1874, will unfold in the Maldives, the Philippines, China, Japan, with particular attention to Borneo, then divided between the English and Dutch.
the beginning of 1877 it was learned that the Swedish geographer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld was about to groped 's opening of the passage by sea in the north-east. This was one of the last great geographical problems bequeathed to his generation. The question was whether a point in the north of Western Europe, particularly the coast of Scandinavia, it could be by sea, skirting Russia and Siberia, reaching the Bering Strait, where it touches the Asia America . Bove got to be able to participate in the expedition, as the representative of Italy.
ll July 4, 1878 the "Vega", a steam whaler, sailed from Gothenburg in Sweden, with best wishes from all over Europe. After traveling for months and months between ice and storms, knowing that first of many ships were wrecked and their valiant explorers lost their lives in this research, the explorers, "they launched" the passage of the Northeast. The expedition was an immense success and fame came to James suddenly, with gold medals and awards throughout Europe.
Bove, is now taken by a real own obsession with trips' exploration. After having been denied by the Italian government funding for exploration in Antarctica, Patagania leads an expedition to the south and Tierra del Fuego, thanks to a grant from the Argentine government.
The expedition left Buenos Aires on December 17, 1881 and carry out fruitful explorations of the coast of Patagonia and the almost unknown island states.
landed in Punta Arenas in April, the expedition moved on the little schooner "San Yose", but was wrecked in a storm at the co is of Tierra del Fuego (May 1882). After married a widow of a Hungarian officer, between 1883 and 1884 Bove made a journey into Argentine territory of Misiones, seeking the conditions for the establishment of a colony of Italian emigration, and then back again in Tierra del Fuego and in Patagonia, where houses collections of scientific interest, and make a study of the natives.
In 1886 he was commissioned by the Italian Government to explore the basin of the Congo up to Stanley Falls, to report about the conditions of that vast basin that opened to European penetration.
This trip, however, it will undermine the deeply physical from this enterprise, in fact, Bove returned exhausted and sick. Being unable to resign themselves to a new sedentary lifestyle, that was supposed to represent undoubtedly a humiliation for him, and began to suffer from mental disorders, On August 9, 1887 Bove trenatacinquenne commits suicide in Verona. For
Aqui Terme, where he is buried, he has been named a street and a monument placed in the public park of the city in 1908 by the sculptor Eugenio Baroni.

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the Pacific


The Portuguese named a group of small islands from which, centuries later, will be named the Australian continent

Pedro Fernandes de Queirós (often in spagnolizzato Pedro Fernández de Quirós ), was born in Portugal, Évora, in 1565. He entered the English navy in the very young and, after years of practice in the route that connected the Viceroyalty of New Spain (now Mexico) with the Philippines, became an expert sailor and navigator. In 1595 he served as pilot on the second expedition De Neira Álvaro de Mendaña between Peru and the Marquesas Islands. After the death of De Mendaña in the same year, fell to Queirós de l 'arduous task of being able to bring back the survivors of the trip to Manila .
Being a devout Catholic was able to obtain, during a visit to Rome in 1600, the support of Pope Clement VIII for further exploration, which had been denied by the English crown.
He then went to Peru in 1603, intending to discover the mythical Terra Australis, to be able to donate to the Government of Spain, which in turn could evangelize. The Quirós expedition was composed of 300 people aboard three ships: San Paulo, San Pedro and Los Tres Reyes Magos .
After tapping the various islands, islets and atolls in May of 1606 the expedition reached a group of islands he called Austrialia del Espiritu Santo (which was to be a possession Anglo-French with the name of New Hebrides, which are now an independent state called Vanuatu), where, in the throes of religious fervor, he founded a settlement called bankruptcy Nueva Jerusalen and created a new order of knighthood: Knights of the Holy Spirit .
Quirós A few weeks later he was forced for lack of food, hostility and resentment of the natives in 'crew, to return the sea. The bad weather separates it from other ships and, after weeks of sailing, he managed to land in Acapulco in November 1606.
Quirós then returned to Spain in 1607, settling in Madrid. Here he spent the next seven years in poverty, writing numerous accounts of his travels and imploring constantly King Philip III to the fund a new journey. The continued insistence and letters supporting him back in America, but no he had financed another expedition, and died in 1615 in Panama.

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From Terra Australis 'to India' Africa, still serving l 'Empire

participated in a few expeditions in Africa, but was a fundamental

James Augustus Grant was born in Nairn (Scotland) April 11, 1827 by a Protestant priest.
After being educated at Marischal College in Aberdeen in 1846 he decided to join to join the British Army stationed in India.
This was active in the Sikh War of 1848-49 and between the Indian Mutiny of 1857, where he was wounded during the operation of freeing the city of Lucknow.
Back in England in 1858, he joined a couple of 'years after John Hanning Speke in the shipment that solved the mystery of the source of the Nile . The expedition left Zanzibar in October 1860 and then reach Gondokoro (now Sudan) in February after three years. Despite Speke was the expedition leader, is known that Grant carried on extensive research in parallel independent, especially in the field of botany.
In 1864 he published, as the compendium publication of Speke on their journey, A Walk across Africa , which addressed both issues of ordinary life, habits and feelings of the natives with whom he came in contact to both economic considerations on local landscapes.
The same year the Royal Geographical Society in London awarded him a medal of merit, something that will pave the way for many other awards.
In 1865 Grant married and returned to live in the town of Nairn, where it will move temporarily to participate only as a consultant to the shipment of ' Abyssinia.
He died in his hometown 's February 11, 1892

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' s one man who managed to attend all the key dates of the Portuguese discoveries

L' explorer who managed to be always in the right place at the right time

Dias Diogo , also known as Diogo Gomes, was born in Portugal probably before 1450. Historical facts about his life are confused and in part controversial, it seems incredible that one man was able to participate in all the key dates of Portuguese exploration.
E 'some who participated in August from 1487 to the famous expedition of Bartolomeu's brother, who rounded the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo das Tormentas then ) . It 'also likely that he accompanied Antonio Da Noli when they discovered a part of the' archipelago of Cape Verde. It also seems that Vasco Da Gama took part in the fundamental discovery of the route from Portugal to the Indian subcontinent. Just latter 'was put in charge of the emporium Portuguese-base of Calcutta and was imprisoned at the behest of local authorities, succeeded in a daring escape to regain freedom.
Having reached a considerable degree of experience and skill, in a subsequent period was appointed commander of one of the ships in the fleet of Pedro Alvares Cabral. Accompanying the latter 's first traveled to India and then participate in the historic discovery of Brazil, in April 1500.
few months later, was the 'summer of 1500, his ship near the Cape of Good Hope, suffered a detour because of bad weather, find venendosi separated from the rest of the fleet.
In the following months as he tried to return to the area 's current Mozambique, Dias sighted the island of Mauritius, to Reunion and Madagascar, which already was known to Arab navigators, but unknown to Europeans (if is excludes Marco Polo who wrote it but only by hearsay). He named it Ilha de São Lourenço, since the sighting occurred on August 10, the day dedicated to the Saint Lawrence.
Diogo Dias, who in his life he saw much of a world hitherto unknown, probably died after 1500, little more than fifty.

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rappresentanre a broad tradition of travelers and storytellers

'places who really, in comparazion de' ours, those seen and understood for me another world potrian call "

was probably born in Venice in 1432 , Alvise da Ca ' da Mosto (known in Portugal as Luís Cadamosto) had followed since his youth, the maritime orientation, the typical time in Venice, then the undisputed international emporium. He had embarked on such vessels, who liaises with Alexandria in Egypt and then also try those who headed up the lagoon from the center to Flanders and England. While sailing on that route, his ship was forced to a forced stay in Portugal, here let inasp ettatamente attracted by the prospect of going to negotiate in Africa.
She then the service of Henry the Navigator, under the Portuguese crown , Cadamosto explored the 'Atlantic and, after visiting Madeira and the Canary Islands, discovered some of the islands of Cape Verde. Between 1455 and 1456 addition, he performed at least two trips to the regions of West Africa, exploring the river Gambia and Senegal. Of which then drew up a report after returning home in 1463. Its pages are the first European description of a direct experience of navigation in those distant countries, and were published in 1505.

Alvin died in 1488. His house in Venice, one of the oldest the city still faces the Grand Canal. With an attractive façade Veneto-Byzantine style, it dates from the twelfth century.

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Chasing the source of youth


The first European explorer who went looking for a myth for the first foot in the North American continent

Born to a noble family near Valladolid in 1460, Juan Ponce de León became the bones in the conquest of Granada. In 1493 he participated in the second voyage of Columbus, and collaborated in the conquest of Espanola, today 's Santo Domingo. In 1508 he devoted himself to the conquest of Puerto Rico, where he became the 'first governor next year, Despite the strong opposuzione the younger brother of Columbus, Diego. Sull 'Ponce island is devoted to the founding of cities and infrastructure, as well as looking for gold and the forced subjugation of the natives.
But Ponce was not enough and so he began searching for the fountain of youth, a legendary spot where the myth came from the novel by Alessandro , a medieval book. After
equipped three ships at his own expense, in 1513 "discovered" Florida, so I call for its plants, although at first he thought it was an island.
In the years following the English made several times back and forth between Cuba and Florida, convinced that this 'is the ultimate source of clebre' eternal youth.
After eight years of fast scans, Ponce is determined to win Florida once and for all. Ship crews, and loads men, women, animals and even priests.
But just landed a poisoned arrow by a native game, hit him in the chest, which led other Spaniards to opt for a quick return in the nearest time and pacified Cuba

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The discoverer of a small island, and frozen with

Not all explorers can claim to have discovered the new continent, but at least we have tried

Jean Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier was born in France in 1705. Orphaned at a tender young age he was sent to study the techniques of navigation at Saint Malo. In 1731, became lieutenant in the French East India Company, he managed to convince the same company to provide two ships ( Aigle and Marie ) to embark on the road in 'South Atlantic. 7 years later he left with two ships from the French port on ' Atlantic Lorient.
After months at sea in January of 'years later, discovered an uninhabited sub-antarctic volcanic island in the South-West Chapter of Good Hope, which will then be called in his honor Bouvet Island. then and there but not the French explorer rius us to accurately determine the location of the island and not circumnavigate his discovery, it was uncertain if it were an island or part of a continent. On board in fact many people thought (and hoped) that he had found the mythical Terra Australis Incognita, an imaginary continent shown on maps since the fifteenth century. addition, because the diseases that c ome usual gripped the sailors, he was forced to repair to the Cape before returning in a tuxedo. A ten years' after expedition was appointed governor of the Mascarene islands for two terms: 1750-52 and 1757-63.

Regarding the island; riavvistata was not until 1808, when it was discovered that a Lindsay, the captain of a whaling ship that was passing nearby. While there he landed, he was the first to correctly determine the location of the island. The first landing instead dates back to 1822, when a certain Captain Morrell decided to go hunting for seals on 'island.
After the British abandoned their claim on the 'island, since 1930 it belongs to Norway, and is uninhabited and as such how Bouvet saw more than 250 years ago.

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A Genovese Magellan

"I am Pancaldo, Savona rivoltai to all the world round"

Not many healthy also some Italians He takes part in the first voyage of circumnavigation around the world on the ship Trinidad, under the command of Magellan.
Leon Pancaldo , sometimes called Pancaldo Leone, is what it knows best, even though in his case, very little. Born in Savona
between 1488 and 1490, was the pilot of the famous Trinidad and during the return journey, he was captured by the Portuguese to the Moluccas, which kept him prisoner for a long time.
Upon returning to freedom, then took part in an expedition in 1534 that tried to repeat the famous voyage of circumnavigation, this time on behalf of Portugal, but, ironically, failed to go beyond what is just called "Magellanic ".
Four years later he came back on the coast of South America, near the 'current Argentina, and died, probably killed by the natives.
The landmark of Savona, his home town of Savona and a square named after him. from him even the name "Pancaldi" Savona to another tower that was purchased by him with the duchies which he earned in his services d 'overseas.

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A life dedicated to the 'East

A Swede who loved the 'Asia as few

Sven Anders Hedin was born in Stockholm on February 19, 1865 by architect Ludvig Hedin and his wife Anna, daughter of the rich Abraham Westman.
lived a wealthy teenage years immersed in reading James Fenimore Cooper and Jules Verne, always attentive to the notes of firms Livingstone.
On return to the port of Stockholm, in 'April 1880 Vega Erik Nordenskiöld after the discovery of the North-East Passage, Sven decided it would be was a pioneer, proposing even to reach the North Pole.
In 1885 he had the chance to stay in Baku for a year at Swedish friends. Here he made his first direct experience with the world of exploration, realizing that his field 'action was not the North Pole, but the mysterious East.
With makeshift equipment and little money in his pocket, he moved it to Persia, taking the opportunity to learn the basis of the local languages. On his return wrote an account of this experience, he could sell to a publisher.
Between 1886 and il1892, convinced that we must have a thorough knowledge of geology and geography, studied at the universities of Stockholm and Berlin, becoming also a student of the famous explorer Ferdinand von Richtofen.
In 1890 he returned to Persia, going up in Central Asia, where he also saw Kashgar, the great center along the Silk Road, where he was the largest bazaar in Asia.
But the first trip that corresponded to his spirit and his ideals, took place in 1893 when Hedin across all Asian Russia coming up in Beijing. On the trip almost all his comrades perished in the crossing of the Taklamakan Desert , tried to climb Mustagh Ata without success and also tried to no avail to venture inside Tibet.
departed after three years in Germany, maps Tibet (but failed to come to Lhasa as the local authorities prevented him) and discovered the ancient Chinese garrison Loulan
From here on its success will always be more. Between 1905 and 1909, he returned to Central Asia for the third time. He spent much time in the region of Tibet and it was probably the first European to understand the trans-Himalayan mountain system.
His expedition was the fourth most important, designed as a great work of research, whose task was to probe the whole of northwest China, from Kashgaria to Mongolia. Among the many purposes that there was also commissioned by Lufthansa, to explore the possibility of points of support for a possible airline Berlin-Beijing. In this exploration Hedin also made friends with the Nationalist leader Chang Kai Shek , which I think is a nice person and remarkable.

In his lifetime he received numerous awards, honorary degrees, 42 gold medals, 15 decorations, el 'last hereditary peerage awarded by Sweden. His support for the Nazis, but also create serious problems for neutral government of his country, called at the Royal Geographical Society to withdraw from the post of honorary member, although at the time had given him two medals.
His relationship with the Nazis, however, was always strange and confrontational. Hedin hated communism, and he thought that 'the Soviet Union was the greatest danger of' Europe, and was also a friend of Hitler, who admired a lot. However, he hated the 'anti-Semitic aspect of National Socialism and bears no outward manifestations of the party.
He died November 26, 1952, in a world that his politics had denied.
In a society that had forgotten its incredible expeditions by camel, on foot, boat, caravan had moved large and small, and were allowed to rebuild, geographer and cartographer, land areas previously known only approximately.

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The first Europeans in America



A great people of Nordic explorers

In 1960 the 'Norwegian explorer Helge Ingstad and his wife, archaeologist Anne Stine discovered in Canada in the northern part of the 'island of Newfoundland, the remains of an ancient Viking village . The site containing the remains will be baptized Anse aux Meadows.
L 'Anse aux Meadows consisted of a dozen buildings, including a forge and a sawmill,
and is considered to be either the first settlement built by the Vikings after landing or a center constructed following the escape from an attack of hostile natives.
But this archaeological site is not the 'only evidence in favor of the "Viking thesis, two Scandinavian manuscripts of the thirteenth century in fact, known as the" Saga of the Greenlanders "and" Saga of Erik the Red, "tell of five different expeditions by Groe nlandia to Vinland, the "land of vines."
After the map was to ass egnare to ancient Chinese navigators the title of discoverer of America, miserably over the archive is false, the primacy of 'discoverers' of the America therefore it is the Vikings.
But who were these Vikings?
The word "Viking" comes from "Vik" whose translation is "bay bay."
for Viking therefore means q uei sailors belonging to the tribe warriors Nordic-Scandinavian who "came out of the fjord" with their particular ship and whose purpose was not only to the raid or robbery, but also to explore and colonize new lands and trade with other nations. Very often in history is highlighted the destructive effect of the movement Viking Europe Western and neglects the contribution it has made to the nations in trade , of \u200b\u200bdiscovery and colonization. Unfortunately, the Vikings have rarely felt the need or the desire to pass on knowledge and makes cts written, so they have been given an incomplete picture of the contemporary world, dark and deformed. The Viking had a vague idea of \u200b\u200btheir country. Although united by ties such as language and religion which bears testimony to their common Nordic origin, barely sensed the existence of an independent nationality: we can speak more than anything else then to tribes. They were a people who lived on commerce, crafts, livestock, and piracy colonization; were a people of indomitable warriors, within which the individual had a certain value and this value was determined according to its capabilities. Among the many tribes that stretched from Germany to Scandinavia, the kingdom founded in the early ninth century Denmark, Sweden, fifty years later and Norway shortly before 900, were powerful as well as extensive. The Vikings established routes with Europe, the Baltic lands, Russia, Britain, Ireland and colonized Iceland and Greenland, Labrador, Baffin Island and as I mentioned earlier is now considered certain that have also discovered the northern Canada and North America.

One of the legendary figures tied to the same myth of the Vikings and their art de lla to navigate and to reach new lands and frontiers, it is certainly that of E rik Rosso, a native of Norway, who is credited with the discovery of Greenland in the same way it is now certain that the Americas were already known by the more enterprising among his countrymen.
Erik, first and foremost, however, was a great navigator. He tried a rich fishing ground and hospitable, and found (Iceland). Then, following an act of violence which sanctioned the banishment from his homeland, Erik came with a long trip to board his ship until Ammassalik on the east coast of Greenland, just below the Arctic Circle.
's son Erik, Leif Ericsson, took seriously the stories of Herjólfsson Bjarni, a Viking explorer who claimed to have found the land to the west of Greenland (in 986 ) .
He decided to buy the ship Herjólfs son had used for his trip, he took a crew of 35 men and set out to research about the new territory.
In 1001Leif QUL find out what the story was true, and named this land Vinland (from wine in old Norwegian = plain, and land = Earth), which corresponds to the current Newfoundland. Torvald
His brother also was the first European to navigate the St. Lawrence River, where he unfortunately lost his life.
But in the end this makeshift settlement lasted only a few years, the Vikings knew that it was not possible to live under constant siege, due to the 'hostility of the natives, and then decided to return to Greenland.
But it was still a leak, but a departure with weapons and baggage, not an escape.
A test of this hypothesis is the fact that archaeologists have found only 99 iron nails, broken nail a whole, a spindle, a bronze pin, a bead glass, a grinding stone, a few pieces of carved wood and an iron to knit.
miserable things forgotten or purposely left then.
will have to wait, however, almost five centuries since Columbus "discovered" actually connected to the rest of the world.

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The Marco Polo Mike Yamashita

newsstand have recently reissued the "Marco Polo Mike Yamashita," in which the 'author traces in words, but mostly pictures, life the famous Venetian explorer.
I recommend it highly as well as being a product of excellent quality and invoice (content that is perfect for printing), it costs even less than when it first came out in 2002. In fact, with only 12.90 (as opposed to 29.90 for 5 years ago) I brought home a beautiful color Volume of more than 500 pages.
As for the author ', suffice it to say that one of the most celebrated photographers of National Geographic and The material of the book was also exposed years ago in an exhibition in Rome.

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In the place where lie the wise


" In Africa, Africa! I want to die as free as his nature!"

Orazio Antinori was born in Perugia October 23, 1811. Even as a young man had an active life and restless. His hustle and spirit of 'adventure fact led him to abandon his studies to enlist to fight the Austrians, to be elected deputy in the Constituent Assembly of the Roman Republic, and to fight for it. When the French finally managed to enter the city, Antinori (who had distinguished himself in the defense of the city as an excellent shooter) could not do more than choose the path of 'exile. His wandering through Europe 's start in Greece and Turkey. At Smyrna, had an encounter that changed his life. Having always been passionate student of zoology and ornithology, as well as skilled taxidermist to capture and animals, Antinori can get in company with Guido Gonzebach, the Swiss consul. His job was essentially to capture and imbalsare animals that would then console with its canals, marketed in Europe, especially in museums. This work led him to hunt its prey in Turkey, Cyprus, Crete, Malta and even up in Syria. In 1858, having inherited a modest sum from his father, he moved to Egypt to make new collections and to penetrate into that world that attracts more and more. The year after the neighboring Sudan becomes the starting point of the exile of Umbria. He meets other travelers, interested in the trade of African raw materials, which designs of shipments Nile, which at that time conveyed to him a large number of scouts from various European countries. The first real African adventure lived in the Seine Castelbolognese Angelo, and the brothers Ambrogio and Julie Poncet. A Galabat also tried to enter the Abyssinian kingdom, but the road is prohibited. With the French Guillaume Lejean goes so far in Darfur. With Alexander and Charles Vayssière Piaggia back in 1860, the White Nile to its confluence with the Bahr el-Ghazal. The three sail with the intention of achieving the Niam-Niam. Unfortunately due to the climate and the scarcity of food, the expedition will fail , and will be fatal to the 'friend Vayssière. Antinori but not discouraged and in 1866, after many other travels and adventures (including the fight with a lion that nearly the ravening) is one of fonadatori Italian Geographical Society. He dedicated himself on behalf of the company for exploration in southern Sudan and the Horn 's Africa (more than half of Italian explorers), being strongly affected by Ethiopia'. Here age of 65 years, settled there in 1876, making Let MAREF ( resting place the Wise the n Amharica language.) his refuge. This site will serve as a logistics base to take quite a few expeditions to explore environments, flora and fauna of the Abyssinian Highlands, and to better understand the behavior and ethnographic characteristics of local populations. A year later, again in this place, convinced the 'Emperor Menelik to give him a scientific station and hospital, succeeding to create a sort of real research center equipped with laboratories, a library , kitchens, and a garden in which to experiment with new crops also.
In 1882, a year earlier after falling ill during the 'Exploration of lake Zuai, and he lost his hand in an accident, died at 71 years.
Even today, the inhabitants of the place Let MAREF respect. In fact, nothing has been changed within the burial. The fields will stop within the limits of the shadow of the crown of the great Sycamore (which he himself had chosen years before as a place sepolcarale) , almost as if to sanctify the site. The older " Azmar " (Traditional Storyteller) of the village continue to sing songs in remembrance and in honor of that " Ferengi" (foreigner) who spent his life in Africa, intertwining with those of their ancestors, whom he taught 's art of taxidermy.

What Is Eta: Infinity

A cow's head

The exploits of a English and a twist of fate had a very adventurous life

Álvaro Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, was born in Spain it 1507 by the noble family. His first contact with the "indie" (then called out the Americas), was paradoxically a shipwreck in 1527, up lle coast of Florida. On 300 men who had left, he and others were saved only 3 men. Among them was also Estabanico, made history by being the first man born in Africa to set foot in America (though not really know if it was an ethnic Arab, Berber or black). The 4 riuscirno to survive for eight interminable years as a prisoner-slaves of the natives. In 1535 they managed to escape in the end, and for one year girovagarano in the area between the current Mexico and the United States. In this incredible journey socialized with some tribes, scapparo no other, acted as healers (with limited knowledge of European medicine), saw the bison hunting, and had a thousand adventures. Finally, in 'current Sinaloa, were able to join with other Spaniards, and in 1537 he returned to Spain. You wasted no time and began to write what is considered the first historical narrazzione on the United States, 'emblematic title "naufragios", due out in 1542.

Not yet full of adventure and danger, Cabeza de Vaca, in 1540 he returned to America. This time, however, he devoted himself to the south, in the area of \u200b\u200btoday's Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. Here he devoted himself to 'exploration of the Paraguay River and discovered the majestic waterfalls Igauzù. He then decided to settle in that area, but coming in with both indigenous tribes CONTRADICTION (soon subdued) and with the English settlers. This fact did not recognize his authority, and incited by Domingo Martínez de Irala, moved the various allegations. All 'peak of the protest, in 1544, following an uprising forced him to return to Europe. Where he died in 1557.

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A Genoese Crimean

The Genoese dominated for a long time, over the Mediterranean, the Black Sea


From the second half of the thirteenth century, the Genoese began to colonize the eastern Mediterranean Sea black. Genoa is not actually in his first experience of colonization. In fact, since the beginning of the twelfth century, the Crusades in the wake of the troops had formed small communities in the main ports of the Ligurian region Sirius-Palestinian conflict. It 's just a century later, however, that the territorial EMPLOYMENT become significant. Small communities are established all around the Black Sea city such as coffee, Pera and Chios know a dramatic development, shall be in place later walled and enliven the regional economic life, resist the assaults of the Greeks and the Mongols, not two centuries later that fall into the hands of the Ottomans, superior in number, ships and firepower. These experiences of colonization have a broad scope: they are in fact the medieval antecedents of modern colonization. The shores of the Crimea
colonized the edge of the Mongol world, are economically very important for the Genoese. They see the products arrive at their ports of the Far East, silk and spices, much sought after in the western world. The Genoese merchants, in turn, brought clothes and linens, wine, toys and other products that came to the heart of Asia.
E 'in this environment that comes Luca Tarigo , coffee, current Feodosiya. In 1347, after a ship armed with light and bold as the rowers have hired him, sailed the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov and entered the River Don. Advancing against the current, reached a point where the Don is close to the Volga, and there delivered the vessel to land with the help of his men, launched in the Volga, and sailed south. He entered the Caspian Sea, Tarigo sacked all merchant ships which met from a port to another, and after greatly enriched with the booty he did, he sailed back against the current. Since then passed again in the Volga-Don and quietly went back to Tana. But the Kalmyks, nomadic population in the area, attacked him and carried off the booty. With the best part of the prey, that he had hidden, he could then reach Tarigo Tana and from there, coffee. The astonishment of fellow was so great that they, in memory of an ever so bold, in the current operation in the annals of Tarigo public.

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Today I describe one of the greatest explorers of people ever existed, and its exponents

navigotori The Phoenicians and Carthaginians (who Phoenicians were ever) touched the corners of the world for nearly 2000 years were completely ignored. Came out to discover the Portuguese 'Africa and the ways of the' Asia because, first Roman and then Byzantine, forgot (or ignored?) Completely territories explored by the intrepid Phoenicians.
In fact, even though it uses the term "Phoenician" is not possible to identify a civilization itself is distinguished by a unitary character. In fact, both environmental and political causes, the cities of Phoenicia (today 's about Lebanon) have never been able (nor want) to come together to form one entity. Thus lack of a unified consciousness, and only foreigners using a common name for all cities in Syro-Palestinian coast. This nation was formed by skilled navigators, who were able to dictate the law of the sea for most of the first millennium BC, thanks to their impressive fleet of warships and commercial. The causes that made these getni coastal east of the ablest of their time (and beyond), the sea, are to be found both nell'esiguità of their territory (as in some future case of Portugal) and in continuous raids in devastation and heavy taxation of taxes that were imposed by the rulers of the Mesopotamian city-state. Their home was also free of mineral resources that they sought and found in more distant lands. I Phoenicians were also great traders and their ability to associate this with the ever-constant search for new ways of outlet for their trade (from this point of view more like the Venetians). However I will not elaborate further in the 'historical-political aspect of this people, but will pass to the main theme of the blog: exploration.
Their first and biggest undertaking was in 600 BC. Under the reign of Wahemibra Nekau, sixth ruler of the Egyptian Dynasty XXVI. Neco, who planned to unite the Nile with the Red Sea, thus creating a passage between two seas, availed himself of Phoenician seamen to make the circumnavigation of Africa. Herodotus tells that the expedition, which started from the Red Sea, sailed in the Southern Ocean, ie the Indian Ocean, stopping every time he came to earth to plant and wait for the autumn harvest, after which they resumed their journey. They spent two years as well, and surfers in the third, through the columns of Hercules, they returned back to Egypt in the Mediterranean and telling incredible things like that at a certain point of sailing, the sun rose on their right. News that this seems to confirm the reality of the trip because the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope and up north, they had to actually have their right to the east, which until then had left. This for time, and the means of 'era, virtually unthinkable. A bit like saying that at the beginning of the century 'man, rather than begin the first flights on biplanes, had arrived on Mars.
In 480 BC Hanno, sailed along the coast of northwestern Africa, reaching perhaps head Palmas (Bay of Guinea). Imilcone , in 450 BC, was not less, in fact. Explored In fact, the southwest coast of Europe starting from Cadiz, Spain, and going north, until they touch the coasts of Britain and Ireland.

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2000 years in advance of Henry the Navigator

Let me start with the 'deal of a character unknown seeds in Italy, but a national hero in Portugal.


O Infante Dom Henrique, Duque de Viseu, was a key figure, the so-called "period we discoveries." Fifth son of John I and r (founder of the Aviz Dynasty) and Donna Philippa of Lancaster (daughter of the king of England), naccue in Oporto in 1394. Just twenty
convinced his father to engage in the conquest of Ceuta (European territory on still), the city finally fell in August of 1415, the same year it was dubbed a knight, and Duke of Avis. In 1416 he sent Gonzalo Velho to explore the west coast of Africa and on his return appointed Alfonso Baldaya to try again on another journey along the west coast of Africa. now set up a naval school at Sagres in the Algarve in order to train commanders and crews for the Portuguese maritime exploration companies. The city experienced rapid growth as a technological center of excellence of the time in navigation, cartography, also had a good observation, and a full arsenal. goals that Henry intended to pursue were mainly two: the detection of African lands lying south of the Canary Islands (which had been anticipated by the English conquest) and the search for a route to India (retention time place of enormous wealth) across the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. His first success was, in 1420 , the discovery of Madeira by John Gonzales Zarco and Tristan Vaz Teyeira. The same year Henry was appointed Grand Master of the 'Order of Christ ( Portuguese succesor of the famous order of Knights Templar) , a position he will throughout his life. The bottom of the 'non-pco order served to finance the oceanic explorations. In 1427, her other emissaries who discovered the Azores, as well as Madeirea, and were soon facilmete (as uninhabited) colonized. Under his reign was the crucial step, by Gil Anes, Cape Bojador, the attainment of Cape Blanc, the discovery of Cape Verde, and that the mouth of the Senegal. At his death in 1460, the Portuguese had already learned about the sea up to 'current Siera Leone. Paradoxically Henry known to history as navigore, sailed in reality very little. In fact, in forty years in which he conducted the Portuguese colonization, planned everything in first person but rarely took part in expeditions, preferring to develop knowledge of routes and areas to be explored through research and studies mapping

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Introduction

Oceans unknown and infinite, the rainforest and malaria, all the peaks' appearance iragiungibili, the wastelands, the deserts, skies.
We Europeans have explored the 'unfathomable. We are going into every corner of the world, even the most remote.
Italian, French, English, Portuguese, English, German.
All the peoples of Europe have had their scouts, more or less famous, more or less important.
Brave, proud, smart, tenacious, curious, cruel, arrogant, dreamers.
esplortore Each is a world where, c 'is if those who moved for glory, some for money, for those who thirst for knowledge, some for humanitarian spirit, who to prove something to himself and the world.
But everyone was moved by the hope of finding something important, you can see made his expedition, to return home a hero, a winner.

This is their story

Good reading